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一、网页分析

1、打开网页

参照上期蛋卷基金爬虫，我们打开且慢基金的网页，随意打开一个投资组合页面，例如：

https://qieman.com/portfolios/ZH000193

我们发现一个以组合ID命名的文件，这应该就是我们要的内容了，我们点开它。

d(ŐдŐ๑)怎么是空的！

但是我们观察Network里，明明这个文件有191B啊，我们试着右键把响应内容复制出来。

{"poCode":"ZH000193","poName":"绿巨人","driveMode":"DR","poType":"4","poDesc":"超级英雄绿巨人，权益资产配置型FOF，发车信号关注订阅号：望京博格投基 ","poRichDesc":"计划将自己的基金组合Open起来，如果未来业绩好，多半原因归因于市场给予我在3000点以下的建仓期！ 组合调整，订阅号：望京博格聊基 （强烈建议关注）","poStatus":"1","visibility":"1","establishedOn":"2016-05-27","runningDays":1843,"ceasedOn":null,"ceasedComment":null,"risk5Level":4,"risk5LevelName":"中高风险","poManagers":[{"poManagerId":136,"poManagerName":"望京博格","poManagerDesc":"资产配置投资实践","poManagerRichDesc":null,"poManagerAvatarUrl":"https://asset.qieman.com/pomgr/pomgr_136.png","verified":true}],"nav":"1.7087","navDate":"2021-06-16","dailyReturn":"-0.0112","weeklyReturn":"-0.0256","monthlyReturn":"0.0266","quarterlyReturn":"-0.0008","halfYearlyReturn":"0.0128","yearlyReturn":"0.1872","fromSetupReturn":"0.7087","annualCompoundedReturn":"0.1119","maxDrawdown":"0.2058","sharpe":"0.5540","volatility":"0.1660","personalBuyAmount":0,"totalBuyAmount":0,"totalBuyerCount":0,"tags":null,"recommendHoldingPeriod":null,"recommendInvestmentWays":null,"promotionDesc":null,"accumulatedCost":0,"accumulatedProfit":0,"accumulatedDays":1843,"canDeposit":true,"cannotDepositReason":null,"canWithdraw":true,"cannotWithdrawReason":null,"personalHighestBuyAmount":"10000000.00","personalLowestBuyAmount":"100.00","personalHighestAipAmount":"10000000.00","personalLowestAipAmount":"100.00","composition":[{"prodType":"1","fundCode":"110031","prodCode":"110031","prodName":"易方达恒生国企ETF联接A","fundName":"易方达恒生国企ETF联接A","percent":"0.2144","nav":"1.1288","navDate":"2021-06-16","fundType":"7","fundInvestType":"1","riskLevel":3,"risk5Level":3,"isQdii":true,"isPeriod":false,"isLof":false,"isIndex":true,"isEtf":false,"valDisBy":"nav","yearlyRoe":null,"unitYield":null,"dailyReturn":"-0.0091","onSale":true,"canBuy":true,"canAllot":true,"personalHighestBuyAmount":null,"tags":[],"existProdSummary":true,"prodSummary":{"id":"SUMMARY110031-V20210406","fundCode":"110031","name":"110031产品资料概要(20210406)","url":"https://cdn-disclosure.yingmi.cn/CN_50110000_110031_FA010080_20210006_110031_20210406_090000_01.pdf"},"fundTypeAEvent":null},{"prodType":"1","fundCode":"004642","prodCode":"004642","prodName":"南方房地产ETF联接A","fundName":"南方房地产ETF联接A","percent":"0.1512","nav":"0.8333","navDate":"2021-06-16","fundType":"6","fundInvestType":"1","riskLevel":3,"risk5Level":3,"isQdii":false,"isPeriod":false,"isLof":false,"isIndex":true,"isEtf":false,"valDisBy":"nav","yearlyRoe":null,"unitYield":null,"dailyReturn":"0.0007","onSale":true,"canBuy":true,"canAllot":true,"personalHighestBuyAmount":null,"tags":[],"existProdSummary":true,"prodSummary":{"id":"SUMMARY004642-V20210331","fundCode":"004642","name":"004642产品资料概要(20210331)","url":"https://cdn-disclosure.yingmi.cn/CN_50020000_004642_FA010080_20210003_004642_20210331_090000_01.pdf"},"fundTypeAEvent":null},{"prodType":"1","fundCode":"001475","prodCode":"001475","prodName":"易方达国防军工混合","fundName":"易方达国防军工混合","percent":"0.2834","nav":"1.4660","navDate":"2021-06-16","fundType":"3","fundInvestType":"3","riskLevel":3,"risk5Level":4,"isQdii":false,"isPeriod":false,"isLof":false,"isIndex":false,"isEtf":false,"valDisBy":"nav","yearlyRoe":null,"unitYield":null,"dailyReturn":"-0.0161","onSale":true,"canBuy":true,"canAllot":true,"personalHighestBuyAmount":null,"tags":[],"existProdSummary":true,"prodSummary":{"id":"SUMMARY001475-V20210427","fundCode":"001475","name":"001475产品资料概要(20210427)","url":"https://cdn-disclosure.yingmi.cn/CN_50110000_001475_FA010080_20210001_001475_20210427_090000_01.pdf"},"fundTypeAEvent":null},{"prodType":"1","fundCode":"501021","prodCode":"501021","prodName":"华宝香港中国中小盘(LOF)A","fundName":"华宝香港中国中小盘(LOF)A","percent":"0.2162","nav":"1.8256","navDate":"2021-06-16","fundType":"7","fundInvestType":"1","riskLevel":3,"risk5Level":3,"isQdii":true,"isPeriod":false,"isLof":true,"isIndex":true,"isEtf":false,"valDisBy":"nav","yearlyRoe":null,"unitYield":null,"dailyReturn":"-0.0217","onSale":true,"canBuy":true,"canAllot":true,"personalHighestBuyAmount":null,"tags":[],"existProdSummary":true,"prodSummary":{"id":"SUMMARY501021-V20210513","fundCode":"501021","name":"501021产品资料概要(20210513)","url":"https://cdn-disclosure.yingmi.cn/CN_50220000_501021_FA010080_20210297_501021_20210513_103701_01.pdf"},"fundTypeAEvent":null},{"prodType":"1","fundCode":"006327","prodCode":"006327","prodName":"易方达中证海外联接人民币A","fundName":"易方达中证海外联接人民币A","percent":"0.1348","nav":"1.4401","navDate":"2021-06-15","fundType":"7","fundInvestType":"1","riskLevel":3,"risk5Level":4,"isQdii":true,"isPeriod":false,"isLof":false,"isIndex":true,"isEtf":false,"valDisBy":"nav","yearlyRoe":null,"unitYield":null,"dailyReturn":"-0.0017","onSale":true,"canBuy":true,"canAllot":true,"personalHighestBuyAmount":null,"tags":[],"existProdSummary":true,"prodSummary":{"id":"SUMMARY006327-V20210406","fundCode":"006327","name":"006327产品资料概要(20210406)","url":"https://cdn-disclosure.yingmi.cn/CN_50110000_006327_FA010080_20210001_006327_20210406_090000_01.pdf"},"fundTypeAEvent":null}],"adjustInfo":{"adjustmentId":166776,"comment":"2018年下半年，由于医药极速下跌同时找不到更好的行业，所以纳入沪深300指数，如果以现在的结果回顾这次调仓，会发现那次是错误的.... 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

我们观察到其实是有返回很多信息的，但是为什么点进去看不到呢？
原来是且慢基金网站有反爬虫的校验。

2、分析x-sign

我们观察一下请求标头。

我们把这些内容全部复制到爬虫的header里，然后逐个删除，看看哪个才是起关键作用的。
我们发现，只要有x-sign就行了，如果没有正确的x-sign就会返回空值。

有x-sign：

无x-sign：

但是这个x-sign貌似是一日一更新的，也就是昨天的x-sign今天就失效了，如果我们手动每天更新，又很麻烦。
我们发现这个x-sign的前13位是一个时间戳，后32位则是通过时间戳形成的一个加密。

1621566508433｜32A579E8505A7B5A7BB5CB69D6AA6BDD

3、自动更新x-sign

网络上的教程基本都是通过阅读JavaScript来破译x-sign的加密算法，但是偏偏且慢把js写得很繁琐，内嵌了一个虚拟机来实现加密，破译这条路子有些复杂，那我们还能怎么办呢？

我们可以模拟浏览器的访问操作来获取x-sign! (๑•̀ㅂ•́)و✧

这里我们用到selenium库，需要安装一个webdriver，详细教程网上好多，这里不赘述。
我们从performance中找出所有带x-sign的内容。

#by concyclics # -*- coding:UTF-8 -*- from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities import json import time def getX_sign(): url = 'https://qieman.com' d = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME d['loggingPrefs'] = {'performance': 'ALL'} browser=webdriver.Chrome() browser.get(url) time.sleep(1) info = browser.get_log('performance') #print(info) for i in info: dic_info = json.loads(i["message"]) info = dic_info["message"]['params'] if 'request' in info: #print(info['request']) if 'headers' in info['request']: #print(info['request']['headers']) if 'x-sign' in info['request']['headers']: # print(info['request']['headers']['x-sign']) print(info['request']['headers']['x-sign']) #browser.close() return False if __name__=='__main__': getX_sign() 

发现selenium帮我们打开了chrome。

并返回了3条x-sign。

这是因为对于每一个请求，网站都会重新算一个x-sign，但是我们只要一个就好，而且每天一个，所以我们可以根据当前已有的x-sign的前13位时间戳，计算它是否是今天的x-sign，不是再去获取，毕竟selenium比requests慢不少，同时我们可以隐藏弹窗。
具体代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities import json import time import datetime xsign='1623897696198395318DDBC26EFC3AA40DC4A6D28E8AC' def getX_sign(): url = 'https://qieman.com' d = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME d['loggingPrefs'] = {'performance': 'ALL'} option = webdriver.ChromeOptions() option.add_argument('headless') browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=option) browser.get(url) info = browser.get_log('performance') #print(info) for i in info: dic_info = json.loads(i["message"]) info = dic_info["message"]['params'] if 'request' in info: #print(info['request']) if 'headers' in info['request']: #print(info['request']['headers']) if 'x-sign' in info['request']['headers']: browser.close() # print(info['request']['headers']['x-sign']) return info['request']['headers']['x-sign'] browser.close() return False def getXsign(): global xsign t=int(xsign[0:13])//1000 last=time.localtime(t) last=datetime.datetime(last[0],last[1],last[2]) today=time.localtime(time.time()) today=datetime.datetime(today[0],today[1],today[2]) diff=(today-last).days #print(t,last,today,diff) if diff==0: return xsign try: getX_sign() except Exception: return False xsign=getX_sign() return xsign if __name__=='__main__': print(getXsign()) 

二、json分析

我们发现基金的基本信息和历史净值放在这两个地方：

1、基本信息

观察json

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

获取如下内容

基金编号: ZH001798
基金名: 东方进取1号
日期: 2021-06-16
净值: 2.2379
最大回撤: 0.2778
年化波动率: 0.1795
夏普率: 0.8855

获取方法

def getfund(code): url='https://qieman.com/pmdj/v1/pomodels/'+code page=requests.get(url,headers=header).text print(page) if(page==''): raise ValueError('请设置x-sign或检查code') items=json.loads(page) value=items.get("nav") date=items.get("navDate") name=items.get("poName") found=items.get('establishedOn') print("基金编号:",code,'\n基金名:',name,"\n日期:",date,"净值:",value) maxdown=items.get("maxDrawdown") volatility=items.get("volatility") sharpe=items.get("sharpe") print('最大回撤:',maxdown,'年化波动率:',volatility,'夏普率:',sharpe,'\n') 

2、历史净值

观察json

省略了一部分内容省的页面过大

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

我们发现这个json是一个列表，而且时间不是用标明日期的字符串而是时间戳展现的，所以我们要写一个时间戳转时间的函数，这里用到time和datetime库。

时间戳转换函数

import time import datetime def qieman_to_date(s): s=int(s) s/=1000 day=datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(s).strftime('%Y-%m-%d') return day 

获取方法

def gethistory(code,size=10): url='https://qieman.com/pmdj/v1/pomodels/'+code+'/nav-history' page=requests.get(url,headers=header).text items=json.loads(page) for item in items[-1:-size-1:-1]: print('日期:',qieman_to_date(item.get('navDate')),'净值:',item.get('nav')) print('\n') 

这里我们从列表中读出最后的size项来，省的内容过多。

3、测试

三、完整代码

#by concyclics import requests import time import json import datetime from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities qieman=['ZH001798','ZH012926','ZH039471','ZH010246','ZH006498','ZH000193','ZH009664','ZH030684','ZH017252','ZH007973','ZH037807','ZH007974','ZH017409','ZH035411','ZH043108','ZH043126'] #x-sign记得每天更新 header={ 'x-sign':'1623897696198395318DDBC26EFC3AA40DC4A6D28E8AC' } #1621566508433」32A579E8505A7B5A7BB5CB69D6AA6BDD #前13位为时间戳，后32位未知 #且慢的时间戳转日期 def qieman_to_date(s): s=int(s) s/=1000 day=datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(s).strftime('%Y-%m-%d') return day def getfund(code): url='https://qieman.com/pmdj/v1/pomodels/'+code page=requests.get(url,headers=header).text #print(page) if(page==''): raise ValueError('请设置x-sign或检查code') items=json.loads(page) value=items.get("nav") date=items.get("navDate") name=items.get("poName") found=items.get('establishedOn') print("基金编号:",code,'\n基金名:',name,"\n日期:",date,"净值:",value) maxdown=items.get("maxDrawdown") volatility=items.get("volatility") sharpe=items.get("sharpe") print('最大回撤:',maxdown,'年化波动率:',volatility,'夏普率:',sharpe,'\n') #获取历史净值 def gethistory(code,size=10): url='https://qieman.com/pmdj/v1/pomodels/'+code+'/nav-history' page=requests.get(url,headers=header).text items=json.loads(page) for item in items[-1:-size-1:-1]: print('日期:',qieman_to_date(item.get('navDate')),'净值:',item.get('nav')) print('\n') xsign='1623897696198395318DDBC26EFC3AA40DC4A6D28E8AC' def updateXsign(): url = 'https://qieman.com' d = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME d['loggingPrefs'] = {'performance': 'ALL'} option = webdriver.ChromeOptions() option.add_argument('headless') browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=option) browser.get(url) info = browser.get_log('performance') #print(info) for i in info: dic_info = json.loads(i["message"]) info = dic_info["message"]['params'] if 'request' in info: #print(info['request']) if 'headers' in info['request']: #print(info['request']['headers']) if 'x-sign' in info['request']['headers']: # print(info['request']['headers']['x-sign']) header['x-sign']=info['request']['headers']['x-sign'] browser.close() if __name__=='__main__': updateXsign() getfund(qieman[0]) gethistory(qieman[0]) 

四、这是我们基金爬虫的项目仓库欢迎来star！也欢迎follow我的GitHub和Gitee以及关注我的CSDN

原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/concyclics/p/14909871.html